1. Vladimir BOYKO
   Exploring Chinese Migration to Asiatic Russia: Phenomenons and Scholarly Challenges.

2. Sheau-yueh J. CHAO
   Documentation and Resource Sharing on Chinese Genealogical Resources: Opportunities and Challenges.

3. Chang-hui CHI 戚常卉
   Colonialism and the Nanyang Way of Life: Quemoyan Immigrants in Pre-War Singapore.

4. CHIN Yee Whah 甄義華
   Does Culture Count? Chinese SMEs in Malaysia and Singapore.

5. CHNG Kim See
   Tan Cheng Lock and Fundamental Rights of Ethnic Chinese in Malaya (1912C1957): Summary of a Preliminary Study.

6. Clara M. CHU
   Creating a Demographic Profile of the Chinese in Latin America: Challenges and Strategies.

7. G. DEIVANAYAGAM
   China Towers of Nagappattinam of South India ( 2nd 6th & 11 Century AD).

8. Andrew DIKARIOV
   Chinese Community in the Far East of Russia (Last Decade of the 20th Century).

9. Kathrin ENSINGER 賈琳
   The Private Archives of Zhao Shuxia wb.

10. John FITZGERALD 費約翰
    Chinese-Australian History On-Line: Computer-Aided Documentation for Communicating, Teaching, and Researching Chinese-Australian Community History.

11. HARA Fujio 原 不二夫
    The North Kalimantan Communist Party and China.

12. Karen Leigh HARRIS
    Scattered and Silent Sources: Researching the Overseas Chinese in South Africa.

13. Elsie HO 何式怡
    Maintaining Networks in Transnational Communities: Chinese Astronaut Families in New Zealand.

14. Manying IP 葉宋曼瑛
    The Chinese (PRC) Immigrants to New Zealand: Transnationalism and Hybridity.

15. Peter H. KOEHN
    TransPacific Interactions, Transnational Competence, and Global Climate-change Initiatives: Challenges and Opportunities for Overseas Chinese.

16. Theodora LAM ִ林翠鳳, Lisa LAW and Brenda YEOH
    Negotiating Home and Identity: Chinese-Malaysian Transmigrants in Singapore.

17. Edwin Pak-wah LEUNG 梁伯華
    The Early Chinese in America: A Study of the Pioneer Students.

18. Maggi W.H. LEUNG 梁慧嫻
    Local, Regional and Transnational Ethnic Networks as Business Resources: Cases of Chinese-owned Computer Firms and Travel Agencies in Germany.

19. Peter S. LI 李勝生
    The Use of Administrative Data in Research on Chinese Immigrants in Canada.

20. Pei-te LIEN 連培德
    What Do Chinese Americans Think and Act Politically? Results from the Multi-Site Asian American Political Survey.

21. Kathleen LOPEZ
    Transnational Histories: A Dual-Sided Approach to Researching Early-Twentieth Century Chinese Migration to Cuba.

22. Markta MOORE-MEZLIKOVA
    Transients, Travelers and Traders: The Chinese in Central Europe.

23. Meliza NG 吳余佩嫻 and Jade Lai King WONG
    Migration in Hong Kong: A Look into the Past in the Exhibition of the Chinese Overseas Collection at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

24. Wei Chi POON 余慧子
    A Historic Exhibit on Chinese Overseas: Challenges and Contributions.

25. Benny G.SETIONO 許天堂
    Implications of Chinas Policy Towards Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia.

26. Myra SIDHARTA
    Collecting Grey Literature in Indonesia.

27. Chee-Beng TAN 陳志明 and Ann S. CHIU 邱淑如
    Teaching and Documentation of Chinese Overseas Studies, with Special Reference to The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

28. VOON Phin Keong 文平強
    'Malaysian Chinese Studies': The Work of a Private Research Centre.

29. Y.C. WAN 尹耀全
    Research Materials on Chinese Overseas at the University of Hong Kong Libraries.

30. L. Ling-chi WANG
    "Preservation of and Access to Overseas Chinese Research Materials: The Case of Chinese in the United States".

31. Andrew R. WILSON
    Chinese Merchant-Elites and the Making of Chinese Identity in Late Colonial Manila, 1880-1916.

32. Irene Suk Mei WONG 黃淑薇
    Overseas Chinese Clippings Database at Hong Kong Baptist University Library.

33. YOW Cheun Hoe 游俊豪
    Transforming an Old QIAOXIANG: Impacts of the Diaspora on Panyu, 1978-2000.

34. Eleanor YUEN 袁家瑜
    The Historical Chinese Language Materials in British Columbia Database ( 加 華 文 獻 聚 珍) : Challenges in Documentation and Transnational Networking.

35. 王维 WANG Wei
    华侨研究领域中口述历史(生活史,个人史)资料的可能性 －以日本华侨口述生活史为例.

36. 合田美穗 GODA Miho
    新加坡及香港的福建社團及其教育事業的比較研究
    A Comparative Study of Chinese Education Run by the Fukienese in Singapore and Hong Kong.

37. 阮征宇
    海外华人移民与中国国家安全的互动关系研究.

38. Anshan LI 李安山
    拉丁美洲華僑華人研究概述
    A Historiographical Survey of the Study on the Chinese Immigrants in Latin America.

39. 李金生 LEE Ching Seng
    新加坡主要馆藏海外华人研究资源及其展望.

40. 李明欢 LI Minghuan
    清末访欧使臣笔记中的旅欧中国人兼论中国历史文献研读与欧洲华侨史研究.

41. 李华伟 Hwa-Wei LEE and 郑力人 Liren ZHENG
    俄大邵中心的十年（一九九三年至二零零三年）
    First Decade of the Dr. Shao You Bao Overseas Chinese Documentation and Research Center at Ohio University (1993 C 2003).

42. 李慶新
    貿易、移殖與文化交流：15-17世紀廣東人與越南.

43. 吳文煥 GO Bon Juan
    圖書館華人資料的搜集和利用.

44. 吴翠蓉
    侨联组织与泉州侨乡.

45. 周聿峨 ZHOU Yu E and 陈雷
    浅析印尼华文教育的复苏及前景.

46. 周南京 ZHOU Nanjing
    中国对印度尼西亚华侨华人的研究.

47. 周伟民 and 唐玲玲
    海外华人文献征集的一个实证性个案……略述马来西亚华族历史及文物资料调查和大马海南人史料调查的设计.

48. 和田正廣 WADA Masahiro and 蘆 益平 RO Eki Hei
    孫中山先生与日本九州.

49. 袁丁 YUAN Ding
    华人研究与文献利用 -------以广东侨汇研究为中心.

50. 高伟浓 and 刘权
    建立全球华人研究资讯联系模式探讨̽.

51. 徐 云 and 朱丽娜
    论新时期的华侨华人文献信息工作.

52. 许淳熙 XU chunxi
    内地高校图书馆与海外华人文献
    The University Library in Mainland China and the Literature of Overseas Chinese.

53. 崔贵强 CHOI Kwai-Keong
    东 南 亚 华 文 日 报 ―― 海 外 华 人 研 究 的 资 料 宝 库.

54. 曾少聪 ZENG Shaocong
    中国大陆海外华人研究的现状和趋势（1949至今）.

55. 曾玲 ZENG Ling
    从广惠肇碧山亭金石与档案
    看殖民地时代新加坡华人社会的“帮群”关系.

56. 廖赤阳 LIAO Chi-Yang
    日本对华侨、华人之研究及其文献资料—— 一个问题意识和学术源流层面的解读.

57. 熊建成 JUAN Hung Hui
    跨越三世紀古巴華人之研究.

58. 謝春枝
    中國大陸海外華人研究文獻的分析與評介 (1994－2001).

59. 苏 庆 华 Soo Khin Wah
    马 来 西 亚 中 文 文 献 的 收 藏 和 出 版 现 况.

Since the breakdown of Soviet Union some border territories of new Russia are experiencing the growing flows of immigration/transnational migration. The existing scholarship pretty comprehensively covers the impact of migration to Asiatic Russia at the whole, with special focus on Chinese case as the most exemplary phenomenon with strong historical and current relevance (M.Alexseev, A.Larin, V.Dyatlov, V.Datsishen, etc). But it not focuses enough on subregional dimensions and implications of Chinese migration. The regional aspects of Russian-Chinese relations is one of ill-explored topics within Chinese/Inner Asian studies. It was caused by the fact, that for a long time foreign policy issues were totally supervised by central federal bodies, such as Foreign Ministry, etc. Due such misbalance the main volume of research on Soviet/Russian-Chinese relations, including their migration aspects, was rather focussed on the key interstate problems (political, economical, etc), than careful analysis of [migration] situation in bordering areas like Altai.

This paper aims to examine the origins and dynamics of Chinese migration to Asiatic Russia, and specifically to Western Siberia/Altai as a case study of this immigrant community from historical and historiographic perspective. Chinese Diaspora community is analyzed in terms and within the period of earlier globalization C that is as originated and affected by world wars and upheavals in Russia and China mainland during soviet-early post-soviet era. The subordinated purpose of paper is to map Chinese migration on subregional level within Western Siberia as well to analyze differences of urban and countryside groups. The research is based on archival and historiographic study, which has been done partially with the support of CIAC AAS.

The majority of Chinese immigrants were recruited during WWI by Russian labor agents for rear construction/war defence works (at Murmansk railways in North-West Russia, Trans-Siberian Railway, etc), although many passed to Russia (near Khabarovsk and other border points in the Far East and East Siberia) illegally and then moved to Russian heartland. The geographical origin of migrants was wide, but the largest number came from Shandung. Previous village and kinship ties were very important. After WWI very many Chinese migrants were intended to go home, but failed because of ongoing civil war in Russia. Chinese increasingly became the most remarkable immigrant phenomenon in inter-war period: they filled demographic and economic niches produced by WWI and Russian civil war, and easily accepted quasi-socialist patterns of Soviet economic activities (communes, etc), which were formally similar with their own traditional national/clan experience, so they basically acted as ethnical networks and in terms of profile were involved in home services. Actually all of them met economical and social hardships, especially those who tried to get job at regular local labor markets C even the most skilled Siberian Chinese were discriminated because of strict unemployment. The Chinese labour was additionally controlled via class-based national branches of Workers Unions. With the start of Stalinist purges and ethnical cleanses of 1930s many Chinese were assassinated and they actually disappeared from Russian ethnical scene as a meaningful Diaspora element. One of the accusations was that on espionage C even normal ties with homeland (correspondence, money transfers) were considered as suspicious or criminal. Their numerous posterity was russified patronymically and culturally, so as to cut and close their mixed origin.

The rebirth of Chinese immigration to Soviet Russia had been happened due Soviet-Chinese rapprochement of 1950s C Virgin lands campaign and governmental educational programs were marked by significant immigrant movements and following human-demographic consequences (mixed marriages, etc). But soon because of inter-state tensions and Maoist territorial claims Chinese in Russia were excluded from all censuses and became just de-facto/invisible national group. New Chinese immigration perceives by some regional authorities as well a part of Russian general public as a threat to national security in demographic, economic and other terms.

The distinctive feature of early Soviet works on Chinese migrants of 1920s was the highlighting of their mass internationalism, that is the voluntary involvement in political fighting and civil war on the side of bolsheviks. Meanwhile, many of them tried to be neutral and were primarily concerned with socio-economic survival. For a long time, actually until now the topic of Chinese presence in Russia was closed for public debates and even scholarship, regular ethnographic/demographic research on it was prohibited. The rebirth of this theme had occurred only in 1990s, when the break-up of USSR and economic crisis resulted in illegal cross-border migration C the main overseas challenge was that by Chinese. Right now the issue of Chinese migration is often shaped as yellow threat and as such is elaborated by political alarmists of extra-patriotic wing. Meantime the references to it are too fashionable within Russian academic community C some neophytes are exploring the opportunities to secure funding for it. In the light of current and foreseeable situation Western Siberia is the region of prospective Chinese migration, so the comprehensive study of historical experience of Chinese-locales co-existence as well the scenarios of future migration flows constitutes the scope of very special sub-field within Overseas Chinese project. However, when conceptualizing this trend of research, one point should be kept in mind: Western Siberia, that is the Central Asian part of Russia proper, is bordered with Xinjiang C very specific area of PRC, mainly populated by Muslims. This means, that Chinese authorities themselves are strongly interested to keep under control the peoples movements in this direction, and this part of Asiatic Russia will experience primarily intra-Russian relocations of indigenous (Han) Chinese immigrants from Russian Far East.

The conclusion is that overseas Chinese labour migration/political emigration to Russia as and still remaining controversial socio-demographic and cultural phenomenon C being part of worldwide people movements, it meets some legal, political, etc uncertainties and challenges, rooted partly in Russian history and much more C in current constraints. From the first sight, overseas Chinese in Russia may be considered as one of the negative consequences of earlier and current globalization, if to assess the latter as mostly ill-controlled process of conflict spreading (in the form of forceful people movements/etc). But more comprehensive approach allows to suggest, that there were/are these people insertions, that might test attitudes by Russian authorities and general public towards alien cultures and their followers, the state/extent of hosts social/mental dynamics to accept/converge them. In the final analysis, the quality and quantity of this meeting of peoples and cultures might highlight even though partially, the prospects of basically pretty isolated by centuries Russian society (not state!) to co-exist with still alien/ill-known peoples/nations from abroad. Some shared values, increasing economical, scientific ties are creating progressively, although slowly a basis for further Russo-Chinese dialogue and, and [legally conditioned] Chinese labour migration might occasionally resolve some economical and demographic challenges for Russia. Scholarly, the investigation of Chinese migration to Siberia/Russia will contribute to mega-project on world Overseas Chinese in qualitative and quantitative terms, although the lack of an appropriate data/records may obstacle to carry out the comprehensive historical/ethnological/etc research in the field.

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This paper provides an introduction to Chinese genealogies and emphasizes the importance of genealogical research on preserving Chinese heritage and family traditions. It then describes the types and functions of Chinese genealogical records for chia pu V and analyzes the current documentation, preservation and research on Chinese genealogical resources. The paper proceeds with a summary of existing genealogical catalogs with the worldwide coverage of Chinese historical and genealogical books and records. The analytical studies on the opportunities and challenges for the documentation and resource sharing of Chinese genealogical resources would follow. This section provides discussions on using Internet, World Wide Web, and other electronic means to facilitate global communications and resource sharing. It is followed by the types of challenges that we are facing today, including how to document, share, and collaborate in order to make the best use of these valuable resources in a global environment. The paper summarizes with recommendations for constructing a concrete strategic plan for enhancing library resource sharing on international levels and charting the future course of action in library cooperation and resource sharing in the years ahead.

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Between the late Qing period and 1949, there were several surges of migration to Southeast Asia and Japan from Quemoy (Jinmen), outlying islands of Taiwan in proximity to Xiamen, Fujian. The Quemoyan colonial encounters with the British colonial authorities in Singapore provide anthropologists with an opportunity to rethink the meaning of culture in the context of border crossing and, crucially, the implications for the politics of difference.

British colonial perceptions of Chinese culture shaped the construction of Chinese immigrant societies. Three years after the annexation, in 1822, Raffles (the British Lieutenant Governor) initiated a layout of settlement that placed Chinese, Malays, Europeans, and other ethnic groups in well-demarcated kampung (Malay: village). Race and class were the criteria for division. With respect to the Chinese community, race was further fragmented into dialect groups. Nevertheless, Chinese immigrants turned the social constraints to their favor. In the import and export trade of miscellaneous goods, Chinese in general, and Quemoyans in particular, created their Nanyang way as opposed to the Angmo (literally red hair, referring to Europeans) way to counteract the British positioning of the Chinese in the social structure of the colony.

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This paper analyses how Chinese entrepreneurs involved in the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia and Singapore have responded to different and changing political, economic and social circumstances. The paper takes off with the socio-cultural background and then followed by analysis of Confucianism in Malaysia and Singapore. It examines the entrepreneurs knowledge of Confucianism and their day-to-day business operations. Based on primary data drawn from in depth interviews with 52 Chinese entrepreneurs in the SMEs: 29 from Malaysia (in 1996, 1997, and 1999) and 23 from Singapore (in 1998 and 1999), the study shows that Chinese entrepreneurship, both in Malaysia and Singapore, is not so much influenced by Confucian culture as by family and religious values, transnational corporate culture, and the pursuit of rational self-interest. The study shows that a new ideology and management stylea hybrid of either Western or Japanese management style combined with the Chinese way of conducting business has emerged. The study also notes an increase in professionalism and decrease in nepotism.

The interaction and adaptiveness of Chinese Malaysian and Chinese Singaporean entrepreneurs in different geographical settings and changing political, economic and social circumstances have resulted in the development of two distinct ethnic Chinese societies, each with relatively different mindsets vis-a-vis entrepreneurship and business practice. A growing gap in term of thinking between the Chinese in Malaysia and their counter parts in Singapore (since 1965 when the Republic was separated from Malaysia) is now increasingly obvious. The dominance of Chinese in Singapore, the political circumstances there, and the process of Westernization in the island republic has made the Chinese community there less concerned about preserving Chinese language and culture. In Malaysia, however, inter-ethnic and social conditions are different. The perceived minority status that the Chinese in Malaysia have has caused them to give more emphasis to education in the mother tongue and to preserving their ethnic identity. The research findings show that Chinese entrepreneurs in Singapore regard themselves to lack knowledge of Chinese culture, which they see as an important factor for conducting business in China successfully. On the other hand, Chinese Malaysian entrepreneurs do not emphasise a need to be well versed in Chinese culture to conduct business in China. Instead, they emphasise more on the need for business networking. They look upon Singaporean Chinese entrepreneurs as international businessmen, possessing more advanced business skills, marketing networks and sophisticated technology. They perceive that the Singaporean Chinese entrepreneurs have better survival abilities compared to them because of the latters international network that had been set up much earlier. The different perception is caused by different government policies and demographical factors too. Many Chinese entrepreneurs in Singapore have ventured into the regional market. In Malaysia, much attention has been given to the implementation of the affirmative action policy by the state, which resulted in most SMEs not being given the necessary governmental infrastructure assistance to venture abroad. The relative sizes of the Chinese communities and different economic and political policies in Malaysia and Singapore have also affected their adaptive abilities in their respective countrys market economies.

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While advocating equal rights for all ethnic communities in the British administered Malay Peninsular and the Straits Settlements, Tan Cheng Lock, a fifth-generation Ethnic Chinese, strove tirelessly for the fundamental rights of ethnic Chinese against a generally unsympathetic and pro-indigenous colonial administration. His persistent, unequivocal and eloquent appeals and exhortations over a protracted period of time, especially in the face of an increasingly assertive indigenous community, culminated in his abandoning his broader multi-ethnic platform to found the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) as a more pragmatic strategy in the lead up to independence in 1957. The promulgation of the draft constitution of an independent Federation of Malaya was predicated in part on his fervent quest for equitable rights for the Ethnic Chinese, despite necessary compromises made to secure independence on a negotiated multi-ethnic framework.

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Challenges to gathering complete demographic data on the Chinese in Latin America dictate that strategies be developed. This work resulted from a project on gathering demographic data on Asians in the Americas that included learning how each country in the Americas counts Asians and identifying different means of counting Asians in the Americas. With the exception of the U.S. and Canada, the challenges lay in the lack of systematic national census or other demographic data collection that would include Asians as a category, and in determining the accuracy of reported demographic data. The complexities of identifying, locating and accessing census data and alternative demographic data on the Chinese in Latin America are an extra challenge and are described in this paper. More specifically, an Internet research tool developed to assist researchers through this demographic terrain and a discussion of the social construction of ethnic demographic data in Latin America will be presented.

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Nagappatinam is a coastal town of South India. It is located at a distance of 360 kilometers South of Madras(Chennai). It was a celebrated port city of the Cholas from the pre-christian era to the recent past.

The sea voyages were successfully conducted (with the South East and Far East Asian countries) by the Tamil people for all the time from here only. Likely the foreigners especially from greater china were also visiting this place and they were provided with all comforts. Buddhism was taken from this town only. The tolerance and philanthropic assistance of the tamils allow the chinese Buddhists to built Buddhists vihars at Nagapattinam in the early christian era. Hence therewere three Chinise towers at Nagapattinam.

Sir Elliet had recorded it well in 18th Century. But so far no detailed research is conducted over these structures. During an exploration at this site in 18th Century some Chinese porcelain images and coins and some utencils where explored they also need for a detailed study. This paper is attempting on this historical "site" and trying to open some new vistas in the silk route studies.

Hence this paper tries to explore on Archaeological, Architectural, Religious and Sculptural aspects of this site with a historical back drop.

The presentation will be substantiated with visual proofs also.

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There are two main reasons for migration of the Chinese to the Far East of the Russian Federation: 1/ overpopulation and unemployment in the North-East of China; 2/ possibility of earning good money doing business in Russia. Contrary to the widely spread opinion the second reason is much more important rather than the first one. Unbiased analysis of recent surveys reveal that migration rates of the Chinese after collapse of the USSR closely correlate with the trends in Russian economy: i.e. demand for foreign labor and imported consumer goods.

It is argued whether the Chinese living now in the Far East can be called huaqiao. According to the standards of the Western statistics most of them belong to the category of temporary migrants. Nevertheless some Russian specialists consider those staying in Russian territory more than 3 months as permanently living in Russia. This type of Chinese migrants can be subdivided into three categories: 1/ those who obtained citizenship or residence permit; 2/ having long-term job contracts; 3/ those who regularly prolong their visas or regularly re-enter Russia and stay here illegally.

The numbers of the first category are minimal. As for the second category, not more than 10 thousand Chinese contractual workers (70% of them in construction and agriculture) were involved annually in the economy of the Southern Far East. By the end of the 1990ies these numbers diminished to 6-8 thousand.

The conclusions on the so-called Chinese expansion are based on the current difficulties with exact estimations of the numbers of the third category. Federal authorities fail to provide aggregated data on the so called illegal Chinese migrants in post-Soviet Russia. Nevertheless some official data (annual deportation of Chinese from three border regions of Russia (Primorye, Amur and Khabarovsk); crossing-border statistics) make possible to calculate annual loss of the Chinese in the Far East of Russia (i.e. illegal staying or traveling in the Russian territory). In the three regions of the Russian Far East there are around 10000 illegal migrants from China. The number of officially registered is around 70000.

It can be concluded therefore:1/ there is absolutely no grounds for threat of Chinese colonization of the Far East; 2/ by the end of the 20th century in the far East of Russia the more or less stable Chinese community has appeared. It is clear from most recent polls that overwhelming majority of the Chinese migrants regard Russia as a country of temporal residence and at the same time they have strongest economic motivation for long-term staying in Russia.

Chinese diaspora in the Russian Far East is on initial stage of development because it is lacking organizational structure and territorial integrity. At the same time some Chinese market places (especially in the border cities) can be regarded already as proto-Chinatowns with their typical customs and regulations.

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In June 2001 the Chinese author, Mrs. Zhao Shuxia (penname: Susie Chen), gave her private library as well as a lot of documents by the way of donation to the Chinese Library of the Institute of East-Asian Studies of the University of Zurich. The collection contains all of her published books and papers without exception, manuscripts of novels and short stories, unpublished documents, a great number of letters, and countless critiques, reviews and reflections on her literary work, her influence, and her life.

Zhao Shuxia is one of the most outstanding personalities within the Chinese literary scene in Europe, whos works are widely known in Taiwan as well as in Mainland China. It was on her initiative that in 1991 the Europe Chinese Writers Association was founded, which recently held a meeting in Zurich. Studying the relevant correspondence and documents could shed a light on the history and the activities of this association.

While Chinese literature in America is widely discussed in an academic field and represented in various translations and criticism, the Chinese literature in Europe did not get the same attention until now. The recent donation of the Nobel prize to the Chinese author Gao Xingjian, who is living and writing in Europe, appears as an important motivation to enter into an academic discussion about this special branch of Chinese literature, which distinguishes itself not only by special local characteristics but also by its history. Now, the valuable donation of Mrs. Zhao Shuxia offers the rare chance to make one of the first steps in this direction, because her entire work demonstrates the formation of multiple identities of Chinese emigrants, wandering between two worlds, trying to get together their Chinese cultural background with the European way of live. Mrs. Zhao herself takes a great interest in the development of a related field of research and promised to support our work in many respects.

The first task in order to make the collection available for research was, of course, to get a survey of all materials given to us and to catalogue them, which we are still working on. There are many questions of interest raising from the documents, so that it will be possible to work on them from different points of view of literature, history, sociology. This would essentially enlarge our knowledge about the Chinese Overseas Community.

We already started the first project in this respect. It is going to deal with one of the most interesting protagonists of Zhao Shuxias novels, with the Qing concubine Sai Jinhua. The story of this remarkable woman, which almost assumed the form of a legend or even a myth, will be closely examined from a feminist point of view. Since Mrs. Zhao Shuxia herself did an exhaustive research on the person of Sai Jinhua, it will be very helpful and illuminating to be in contact with her and to discuss the numerous questions concerning the topic. The main purpose of the study will be to take Sai Jinhuas life and story as an example to illustrate the principles of the formation of legends or myths especially of Chinese women appearing in a public sphere, which traditionally belongs to men.

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This paper introduces a range of digital and web-based resources that have been developed to promote the study and facilitate research into the history of Australias Chinese communities. These developments are fairly recent. Chinese-Australian history is increasingly recognised as an integral part of Australian national history, and as an important element in the growth of transnational linkages between Australia and countries in North and South East Asia. Over the 1990s, community groups, public museum, schools, and universities co-operated in developing a range of digital resources (some proprietary, some freely accessible) to promote public awareness and national educational goals. The paper introduces a variety of digital resources to be found on museum sites, library sites, and in the educational system. It concludes that while some of these resources are directed specifically at Australias national needs, most would also be of value to researchers interested in the history of Overseas Chinese generally.

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1. The North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP), which has been known as the Sarawak Communist Organization before its official inauguration of 1971, concluded the peace treaty with the Sarawak State Government in 1990 and ceased its armed struggle that had been protracted since the early 1960s. In the meantime, a sprinter group of the party led by Bong Kee Chok, which outnumbered the main remnant group, had earlier concluded the same kind of peace treaty with the State Government in 1974.

Most of the party members were Chinese Sarawakians who were deeply influenced by the Chinese Governments radical political lines and revolutionary strategies at that time. Its chairman was Wen Ming Chyuan who had been a Central Standing Committee member of the Sarawak United Peoples Party (SUPP. Joined the Malaysian ruling coalition party, Barisan Nasional, in 1970) between 1960 and 1964. Wen was arrested and subsequently deported to China in 1964. Though came back to Sarawak secretly in the early 1965 to coordinate the struggle, he went to China again just before September 30 Incident of 1965 in Indonesia. Ever since then he remained in China until going eventually to Europe some years ago. In China, like other Southeast Asian Communist Party leaders who were in exile in China, he was said to have kept close contacts with the Overseas Liaison Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party. From China he sent directives or messages to the top party leaders in Sarawak until the conclusion of the final peace treaty. As such, Chinas stand towards the Southeast Asian countries (Government to government relations as well as people to people relations between the two) decisively affected the position and the political strategies of the NKCP to the end.

2. Several studies have so far been done about the NKCP. These studies mostly relied on the government sources. The former party members have not been allowed to openly publicize their records for long. As a result, even the inauguration date of the party has not correctly been known. However, they began to write and publish their memoirs in recent years. This author tries to reassess the history mainly based on these memoirs. Information obtained by interview with the former leaders might also be utilized.

Foci would be given to such points as:
(1) Pre-history of the Party.
(2) Relations between the Brunei Revolt of December 1962 and the armed struggle in Sarawak. A connection between the Peoples Party of Brunei and the NKCP. (According to a former NKCP leader, the armed struggle was hurriedly consulted between the two parties in accordance with the Brunei Revolt of 1962).
(3) How, when, where and by whom was the NKCP formed?
(4) Why, how and when did the party split? How different were these factions?
(5) Background of the peace treaties of 1974 as well as of 1990.
(6) Role of the Chairman, Wen Min Chyuan.
(7) Relations between the Chinese Government and the NKCP. Chinas influence towards the party leaders (inter alia its Chairman) in particular and the party members in general.
(8) Why the NKCP did not succeed in garnering mass supports from the indigenous people?

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Although the Chinese in South Africa form one of the countrys smallest ethnic minorities, they have been part of its history since shortly after the arrival of Europeans in the mid seventeenth century. Despite this, like most other overseas Chinese communities throughout the world, their history has for many decades been generally neglected and underrepresented in the national texts. Until recently, this was still the prevailing position mainly because resources determine research approaches and research topics. This paper will present an overview and critique of the international development of overseas Chinese studies and general trends in this field and will emphasize the problems related to source material which are integral to any research of overseas Chinese history.

More specifically, it will present a case study of the overseas Chinese in South Africa as regards their historiography, as well as the primary and secondary resources. It will consider how the paucity of historical sources on the one hand and plethora of documents on the other determined the writing of the history of the Chinese in South Africa on a more magnified and complex scale. It will show how the earliest free Chinese settlers in both the Cape Colony of the seventeenth century and the Transvaal Colony of the early twentieth century led archivally unrecorded lives, whereas the indentured Chinese labourers were meticulously but biasedly accounted for. It will also point to the problematical nature of the research of the Chinese in a country which was for an extended period divided by policies of segregation and apartheid. This led to the twentieth century community becoming increasingly introverted, operating mainly in a regional capacity and within the bounds of state toleration resulting in records being neither vast nor accessible. Finally, it will outline the concomitant development of overseas Chinese historiography within the South African context.

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A common perception of an astronaut family is one in which one or both parents spend much of their time overseas, leaving their children in the country of destination. In the early 1990s this type of family attracted considerable public and political attention in New Zealand. A recent longitudinal survey into some Hong Kong Chinese families who have migrated to New Zealand in the early 1990s suggests that this stereotype of the astronaut family is no longer appropriate. Over the period of eight years many astronauts have rejoined the family in New Zealand and a number of astronaut spouses and children have relocated back to their former homeland. A few families have extended their networks beyond New Zealand and Hong Kong. This paper examines the differential experience paths of a group of young Chinese migrants as they adjust to changes in their family structures and dynamics. The study forms part of a larger research programme investigating the changing nature of New Zealands families as a result of the increased mobility of its population.

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This paper seeks to examine the transnational behaviour of New Zealands newest cohort of Chinese immigrants: the skilled migrants from the Peoples Republic of China. It is based on quantitative data culled from the latest census of 2001, the current statistics of the New Zealand Immigration Service, and the authors research project built on the quantitative analysis of questionnaires as well as the qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews.

Immigrants from the PRC started to arrive in significant numbers only in the 1990s but they already constitute 36 percent of the countrys ethnic Chinese population, outnumbering the local-born, and the earlier arrivals from other regions like Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Southeast Asia.

In New Zealand, the PRC migrants are younger and better educated than their counterparts from other regions. They also participate in the labour force more actively, and tend to seek further education in New Zealand. This paper looks at their various profiles and analyses their aspirations, seeking to understand why they choose New Zealand as their host country, and what they aim to achieve.

This same group of eager migrants has shown a strong tendency of returning to China. Many have taken up New Zealand citizenship, and chosen to work in China using temporary work visas. Chinas pull on the returnees will be discussed. Through the comparative analysis of the in-depth interviews conducted amongst these returnees, the contemporary trend of transnationalism and its outcome can be more clearly revealed.

Transnationalism goes hand in hand with globalisation. On the personal level, they affect the sense of identity. Do we see a new hybridity of overseas returnees emerging in Chinas new mega-cities? How does the evolving transnational network affect the relationship between China and New Zealand, both socially and economically? These are some of the questions that this paper will try to answer.

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At the turn of the millennium, overseas Chinese participate in remarkably extensive, deep, and enduring networks of transPacific connections. In most cases, these interactions are facilitated by transnational competencies. Overseas Chinese are effectively utilizing their transnational skills and contacts for personal, family, and corporate gain. Are they prepared to engage interdependence challenges that affect wider publics as well?

The paper links the transnational competence possessed by Chinese Americans to pressing interdependence issues involving anthropogenic global climate change. Together, China and the United States are responsible for nearly 40 per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions. Without substantial and permanent reductions in both countries emissions, efforts to address unfolding global climate change ultimately cannot succeed. The author first outlines the P.R.C. and U.S. vulnerabilities and threats to the global commons presented by unchecked greenhouse-gas emissions. This discussion is followed by analysis of culprits and contributors as well as obstacles to state action. In spite of the growing body of convincing evidence that global warming poses serious threats to population health, economic security, and ecological sustainability, the governments of China and the United States have been unwilling to act decisively. Given this impasse, new forms of cooperation among nonstate actors are essential if the challenge of relative climate stability is to be addressed effectively in the Twenty-first Century. The paper shows why transnationally competent Chinese Americans are positioned to play a key role in reducing threats associated with climate change. With close ties to the worlds principal sources of human-induced global warming, transPacific-connected Chinese Americans occupy a pivotal vantage point from which to identify and carry out effective strategies of educating about and exerting influence over greenhouse-gas-emissions reductions in places of origin and residence. The legitimating principle suggested for transnational action by overseas Chinese in the available nonstate arenas is common but differentiated responsibility for present and future generations. A call to action by overseas Chinese is followed by elaboration of practical and promising bottom-up ways in which transnationally competent Chinese Americans possessing a wide variety of skills can help mitigate global warming through participation in modest-scale, mainly local projects linked to concrete on-going efforts. Their transnational competence can be employed with potentially decisive effect when state-to-state relations are unable to address internal and external contributors to global warming.

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Part of the phenomenon of globalisation involves the growth of an elite group of globetrotting individuals - skilled transmigrants - who traverse national boundaries in response to the global demand for skilled labour while maintaining multifaceted social ties astride political, geographic and cultural borders, linking home and host countries together in a process known as transnationalism. As transmigrants have lives that straddle several communities simultaneously, their identities, behaviour and values are not limited by location. While they construct and utilize flexible personal and transnational identities that contest national identities, they may nonetheless experience an identity paradox and feel a sense of placelessness as a result of the discrepancies between citizenship and locality. In this context, this paper explore questions of home and identity among skilled and professional Chinese-Malaysians who are working and residing in Singapore, portraying them as active participants of two (or more) countries. It focuses on their strategies and struggles in negotiating national identities across borders in a context of two neighbouring countries umbilically linked in a political relationship which range from uneasy congeniality to more hostile competition. Between home and host, Chinese-Malaysian transmigrants redefine both the notions and practices of home(-making), drawing mainly on the resources and resilience of family and other social ties. The paper also goes on to explore nostalgic attachment to birth place and childhood years in the formation of identity as Chinese-Malaysians. It further examines the degree of concern and involvement of Chinese-Malaysian transmigrants in the broader political affairs of their home and host countries, and also the extent to which their continued presence overseas has caused Malaysia to adjust some of its manpower policies even as receiving countries such as Singapore continue to strategise to attract and retain them to enhance their talent pool.

Keywords: transnationalism, national identity, home

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For quite some time, research on the early history of Chinese Americans has been limited to the study of the pioneer Chinese laborers and the maltreatment they received from their American counterparts. As a result of this view in historical literature, a considerable number of scholars regard the late 19th-century Chinese-American relations simply as a history replete with bigotry and hostility caused by the labor issue among the Western states in America.

Nevertheless, the laborers were by no means the only Chinese leaving China for the Golden Mountain, and early Chinese American interactions were in no way limited only to economic or social aspects. Clearly, in order to be able to put early Chinese American history in proper perspective, a great deal of research needs to be done.

Among the early Chinese coming to America, the student group seems to have been neglected by scholars and yet this group deserves scholarly attention as far as cross-cultural and educational aspects of Chinese Americans are concerned. This paper will focus on the earliest Chinese students studying in America during the 1870s and 80s. Topics to be covered include: their adaptation problems in the American society; their school life; their interactions with the Americans; and the conflicts between Chinese and American cultural values.

This paper concludes that the coming of the early Chinese students to America, together with the later stream of Chinese students in the first half of the 20th-century, were among the chief causes for the revision of the American perception of the culture and abilities of the Chinese people. This American image revision of the Chinese people received its first impetus from the first groups of Chinese students in America.

This study is based on numerous Chinese and American primary sources, including the students' private correspondences and autobiographies, as well as government and private documents.

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This essay explores the importance of ethnic networks in facilitating Chinese migrant businesses in Germany. Two atypical sectors, namely Chinese-owned computer firms and travel agencies are examined to highlight the diversity and dynamism in migrant entrepreneurship in Germany. The paper begins with an overview of the concept of network and major theoretical frameworks used in the study of migrant entrepreneurship. Background information on the conditions of migrant businesses in Germany will follow, before I turn to present the case studies. Drawing upon findings from qualitative interviews with 33 Chinese businesspeople mainly in Hamburg, Frankfurt am Main and Dsseldorf conducted between 1999 and 2001, the paper argues for the need to consider sector-specific characteristics in the study of migrant and ethnic businesses. Examples in the paper illustrate the significance of various forms of ethnic networks, namely those spanning different geographical levels (from local, regional to transnational), for entrepreneurs engaged in various businesses. While computer wholesalers depend upon their transnational connections with suppliers in East Asia, computer retailers and travel agencies consider local and regional ethnic networks crucial for their success. To conclude, the credits of qualitative methods in the study of migrant businesses will also be discussed.

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The paucity of electronic data has hampered research on Chinese immigrants in Canada, especially pertaining to understanding of their economic behaviours in the Canadian labour market over time. Recently, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, in conjunction with Statistics Canada, has developed a large and complex data system, known as the Longitudinal Immigration Data Base (IMDB), linking immigrants landing records with annual income tax returns file for those immigrants who landed in Canada between 1980 and 1995, and have filed at least on income tax return. The 1980-95 IMDB has data on 1.5 million of the 2.6 million immigrants who landed in Canada between 1980 and 1995, covering about 69 per cent of all immigrants between the working ages of 20 to 64. The data file has information on landing year, tax year, landing age, education level, official language ability, gender, country of origin, as well as data on employment earnings and self-employment earnings over tax years. The data file has since been updated to 1997. This paper explains the potential use of IMDB as an administrative data base in research on Chinese immigrants in Canada.

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What do Chinese Americans think and act politically? To what extent and in what ways are they becoming socially and politically incorporated into the American mainstream? To what extent can they be conceived as a collective political body? And how do their attitudes and opinions compare to Asian Americans as a whole and as a multiethnic community? I present in this paper results of a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual survey conducted over phone in the 10-week period following the 2000 U.S. presidential election. This groundbreaking survey, sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation, has 1,218 Asian respondents, including 308 Chinese, who reside in the five major metropolitan areas of the Asian American population. The analysis is broken down by ethnicity so that the opinion of Chinese respondents can be compared to that of Japanese, Korean, Filipino, South Asian, and the Vietnamese in the survey. It is broken down as well by metropolitan area of residence so that the opinion of Chinese in New York can be compared to that of Chinese in San Francisco and in Los Angeles.

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Researchers in the field of Chinese overseas studies have increasingly called for greater attention to be paid to the transnational facets of Chinese migration overseas, in particular to the impact of this migration on sending villages in China. Using as a case study my dissertation project on Chinese migration to Cuba in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries and my experiences doing fieldwork in both China and Cuba, this paper discusses three facets of such a dual-sided approach to the study of Chinese overseas: sources and methodology, challenges, and contributions to the field. More broadly, this paper addresses concerns that both individual researchers and institutes may have regarding resources for investigating the transnational aspects of Chinese migration, past and present, whether it be in Spanish-speaking regions of Latin America and the Caribbean or elsewhere in the diaspora. Multiple research methods best serve a project that aims to consider both sides of the migration process. This paper describes and analyzes the usefulness of the following repositories of documentation: academic institutes and government organizations, national-, provincial- and county-level archives and libraries; museum and community records; and oral interviews.

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The early presence of Chinese in Central Europe has fallen victim to collective amnesia. This paper will unveil part of their forgotten history as well as the present situation of Chinese migrants in the region and analyze the changing pattern of Chinese migration in the 1990s. The abolishment of visa requirements for Chinese nationals in Hungary in 1988 put Central Europe back on the Chinese migration map and soon other countries in the region started to experience increased number of Chinese arrivals.

The paper will argue that the different degree of stability of Chinese communities in countries of the region has been a product of external factors, such as divergent immigration policies and the shape of bi-lateral relations between the destination country and China as well as the support (or lack of it) by the PRC Government. Internal factors, such as high heterogeneity of Chinese migrants in terms of their social and cultural backgrounds and their lack of solidarity and mutual trust, also had a profound impact on the formation and stability of Chinese communities. Case studies of Chinese communities in Hungary and the Czech Republic will illustrate the argument.

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Hong Kong has a unique history of migration. Since its beginnings as a British colony in 1841, there has been a constant movement in its population. The migration of people in and out of Hong Kong not only formed part of the general population movement of Chinese people worldwide, but also demonstrated its uniqueness when placed in a historical and geographical context. The characteristics of this migration are vividly reflected in the theme display of the Chinese overseas from Hong Kong in the exhibition area of the Chinese Overseas Collection at the University Library of The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The valuable objects in the window showcase have been specifically collected from such long-established fraternal associations as Hong Kong Chaozhou Chamber of Commerce and Ningbo Residents Association, as well as from distinguished CUHK alumni living abroad. This special collection includes their organizational journals, newsletters, books, manuscripts, correspondences, archives, audio-visual materials, photographs, pictures, badges, and other objects of daily life to remind us of the significant stories of their efforts in the foreign countries.

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This historic exhibit on Chinese Overseas is the result of the collaboration of five libraries: the Bancroft Library, the Center for Chinese Studies Library, the East Asian Library, the Ethnic Studies Library, and the South/Southeast Asia Library. It displays the rich and rare Chinese Overseas resources at the libraries of the University of California at Berkeley. The Ethnic Studies Library contains one of the most comprehensive Asian American Studies collections in the United States, including materials on the cultural, political, and socio-economic life of Asian Americans and the largest archival collection on Chinese Americans in the world. These resources document and reveal the challenges and the triumphs of Chinese Overseas as well as their contributions to their adopted and host countries and to their homeland. These unique research materials have proven invaluable for the research and teaching needs of faculty, students and scholars on the Berkeley campus and beyond. They also tell fascinating stories.

The Chinese have a long history of migration overseas. According to the Overseas Chinese Confederation, in May 2000 there were 34 million Chinese residing in 140 countries in the world. Asia has the largest Chinese Overseas population (28 million). America is second (3 million), Europe third (1 million), Oceania fourth (570 thousand), and Africa fifth (136 thousand). Studies of this phenomenon and systematic comparisons of the experiences of the Chinese Overseas have now reached a critical stage.

Chinese emigration began in the Han Tang dynasty. War, famine, poverty and not knowing the conditions of countries outside of China caused great numbers of Chinese to leave China in search of work and business opportunities during the second half of the 19th century. After World War II the source and status of migrants changed. The change in immigration policies, the normalization of relations between China and the United States in 1979 and the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997 have led to a new wave of migrs - those who want to study abroad and those who want to experience adventures. In 2000, the Ministry of China reported there were 320,000 Chinese studying abroad and two-thirds of them continue to live and to work in their host countries after their studies are completed. Many business and professional people are seeking new challenges and new opportunities in foreign countries. These new Changes and their impact on the adopted and host countries and homeland should merit scholarly research. This exhibit provides only a glimpse into Berkeley's research collections and archives on Chinese Overseas.

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The arrival of Europeans, especially the Dutch who later controlled Indonesia, changed the social and political status of ethnic Chinese resident there. Dutch colonial authority used ethnic Chinese as middleman, separating them from local people by requiring them to live in special areas (essentially ghettos) and forbidding them to leave at all without social permits from the colonial authority. This policy was meant to segregate the legal status of ethnic Chinese from ethnic Indonesians and isolate them between Europeans and native Indonesians.

With the spread of capitalism and liberation in Europe from the middle of the 19th century on, the Dutch established major plantations to generate agricultural products in demand for international markets. To meet the need for field workers, the Colonial authority encouraged immigration from China, where the Emperor had issued a decree allowing Chinese, who had long been forbidden to leave their country, to emigrate.

In Indonesia the establishment of the Tiong Hoa Hwe Koan and schools for ethnic Chinese children early in the 20th century began to restore concern for Chinese culture among the peranakan¹.

The collapse of the Ching dynasty and the proclamation of the Republic of China revived political awareness and nationalist sensibilities of ethnic Chinese towards China.

Following Indonesian independence and the emergence of the Peoples Republic of China in late 1949, the status and lives of ethnic Chinese in Indonesia began to change dramatically, in part because of the Citizenship Agreement signed between PM Chou En Lai and Indonesian Foreign Minister Sunario. The consequences of this agreement remain today. Chinas policy towards ethnic Chinese in Indonesia from the 1950s through the 1990s have exacerbated the misfortunes of millions of Indonesian Chinese.

Chinas new policy towards Chinese Overseas- the luo di sheng gen that replaces ye luo gui gen C needs to be examined. Political reform pressures in Indonesia that brought down the Soeharto regime and the excessive euphoria in certain ethnic Chinese communities as a result of a new orientation towards mainland China have changed conditions significantly and may well place Chinese Indonesian in a difficult position. The reliance on ethnic Chinese abroad to generate trade and economic development in China should be reviewed carefully in order to avoid endangering ethnic Chinese in Indonesia.

¹Peranakan is the term for descendents of Chinese immigrants who married local people or in time assimilated to local culture, by contrast with totok, those newly arrived from China or still Chinese speaking and attached to Chinese values. Peranakan communities have generally mixed with wider Indonesian communities and lack strong linguistic or other cultural attachments to China.

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This paper deals with grey literature in particular those about the Chinese Indonesians. Grey literature is defined as printed publications, not appearing in the book-market. They are usually not for sale and do not appear in any book-dealers list or bookshelves.

Prof. Wolfgang Franke mentions in particular the publications by the huiguans, or regional associations, school publications and special volumes on the occasion of birthdays of important personalities.

There are several problems collecting this material particularly in Indonesia, because many may have been destroyed during the Japanese occupation and in 1965 for fear of censorship by the authorities.

However the present author has been able to collect some material, that may be of value for the study of Chinese Indonesians and those studying in the Netherlands from the beginning of the 20th century to the beginning of 1960 when many went to study in the Netherlands.

An inventory has been made of the collection and a short analysis of some of the material, focusing on the material of the students in the Netherlands, the Chung Hwa Hui and the Chung San Hui, which reflects the problems of the Chinese Indonesians of that time, in terms of identity and political thinking.

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The increasing teaching programs and publications on Chinese overseas studies reflect the increasing importance of the study of ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia, Americas, Europe, Africa and elsewhere. The experiences of the Chinese overseas make it exciting for teaching covering such areas as migration, diaspora, cultural adaptation, ethic relations, identities, and so on. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the significant Chinese overseas holdings and electronic resources available at the Chinese University of Hong Kong to support research and classroom use. In addition, major publications in English and Chinese, especially in edited volumes, are discussed to show the diverse nature and trends of research on Chinese overseas.

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This paper discusses the development of 'community studies' and 'Malaysian Chinese Studies' in post-independence Malaysia. It will first describe the expansion of 'Chinese Studies' in Malaysian institutions of higher learning and then examine the role of a community-funded organization in the promotion of research on the Chinese in Malaysia.

The beginning of 'Chinese Studies' in Malaysia arose out of the desire to cater to the needs of different ethnic groups to undertake the study and research on its own culture and history at the tertiary level of education. Such 'studies' were organized as separate academic disciplines in the first public university soon after independence in 1957. More than two decades after its inception in the early 1960s, 'Chinese Studies' witnessed a sudden expansion in several public and private universities and colleges. All conceptualized 'Chinese Studies' in the traditional mould of 'Sinology', with the result that research on the local Chinese community was sidelined. 'Malaysian Chinese Studies' emerged later and represented the result of community efforts in the form of private research and 'study' centres. A case study of a private research centre known as the Centre for Malaysian Chinese Studies (CMCS) will focus on its origin, objectives and accomplishments. The functional orientation that the Centre will pursue and its major constraints are discussed to draw attention to the role that it may play to promote the development of 'Chinese Studies' in Malaysia.

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Established in 1912 to support teaching, learning and research missions of the first university in Hong Kong, the University of Hong Kong Libraries has been collecting materials related to Chinese overseas for a long time. At present, the Libraries has some 3,000 titles, including monographs, periodicals and audio-visual materials, concerning primarily with Chinese overseas. This paper aims at reviewing channels through which the Libraries collects Chinese overseas materials, giving an overview about materials in the collection and providing some clues to guide searching library holdings effectively.

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This paper highlights the importance of preserving archival materials of the Chinese diaspora, using the example of what the University of California, Berkeley has been doing to preserve and disseminate such materials for future research. The paper begins with a few examples of how the use archival materials in recent years has finally making a huge difference in the study of the Chinese in the U.S. This will be followed by a discussion on the failure of mainstream collection policy and China scholarship in ignoring or marginalizing the collection and preservation of Overseas Chinese materials, including materials on the Chinese in the U.S. A brief historical sketch on how the University of California, Berkeley happened to take on the primary responsibility of salvaging and acquiring archival materials on Chinese America follows. The paper will end with a brief discussion on what is available now for Chinese American history research at the University library and what we can learn from the Berkeley experience.

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Traditional discussions of ethnic identity among Chinese overseas have emphasized two forces in explaining community cohesion and shared "Chineseness." These are either those external factors that set the Chinese apart from the other groups in the host environment, i.e. discrimination, prejudice, legal distinctions, and imposed institutions, or the centripetal forces of shared language, native-place ties, and the familial patron-client relations, that were so critical to both Chinese migration and their success in business, that bind Chinese migrs together.

With regard to the Chinese community in colonial Manila, these were certainly powerful forces that shaped the structure and consciousness of the Chinese community, but looking exclusively to external "othering" and/or socio-cultural insularity provides an insufficient explanation for the relative cohesion of this Chinese enclave. This paper introduces a third force, that of the Chinese merchant-elite (known locally as cabecillas), who straddled the divide between their community and the local environment, and who manipulated colonial aspirations and prejudices to satisfy their personal ambitions and to further the security and prosperity of those under their leadership. Rather than having institutions and ethnic distinctions thrust upon them by the colonial regime or simply replicating strategies from their native-places, the cabecillas demonstrated a subtle hand in creating the institutions and constructing the identities that largely defined what it was to be "Chinese" in colonial Manila.

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This paper introduces the Overseas Chinese Clippings Database at Hong Kong Baptist University Library (HKBUL). It also reports the effort of HKBUL to digitize some of its periodical clippings on Overseas Chinese and to make them accessible to the public on the World Wide Web free of charge.

The Overseas Chinese clippings collection at HKBUL was originally collected by the Union Research Institute. The clippings, which are estimated at around 200,000 pieces, were taken from approximately 230 Chinese language newspapers and 40 periodicals, published in 17 countries or regions, from 1950 through 1971.

The clippings were classified in three categories: (1) Chinese government policies on Overseas Chinese 中國僑務; (2) Taiwanese government policies on Overseas Chinese 臺灣僑務; and (3) Overseas Chinese in different foreign countries such as Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Burma, Vietnam, Indonesia, the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia 海外華僑動態.

Resource sharing is the first goal of the Overseas Chinese Clippings Database. We hope this Database can complement existing Overseas Chinese resources and databases that were created and maintained by other libraries and research institutions for Overseas Chinese studies. The second goal of this project is to promote the use of HKBULs Contemporary China Research Collection of which the Overseas Chinese clippings is a subset.

We take a realistic and focused approach to this project by digitizing and indexing only the first two categories of the Overseas Chinese clippings collection: (1) Chinese government policies on Overseas Chinese 中國僑務; and (2) Taiwanese government policies on Overseas Chinese 臺灣僑務. This allows us to gain experience in digitization project. Another reason for our focusing on government policies is that they have a significant impact on China and Taiwan in many respects from the 1950s to the 1970s.

The Database covers six main topics:

• Government agencies dealing with Overseas Chinese 僑務機構
• Foreign remittance and investments 僑匯及投資
• Overseas Chinese villages 僑鄉
• Reception and settlement of returned expatriates 歸僑接待和安置
• Overseas Chinese education 國內華僑教育
• Overseas Chinese tours and visits 華僑回國觀光團

In our effort to develop this Database, we have encountered various problems and challenges. These include:

• copyright issues
• budgetary
• selection of database management system
• dilemma of providing digitized images with search functions on indexing fields versus inputting full-text of all clippings with full-text search function
• cataloging of metadata
• design of search functions
• dilemma of outsourcing versus in-house metadata inputting and image digitization

We think the Overseas Chinese Clippings Database at Hong Kong Baptist University Library can provide additional information of research materials on Overseas Chinese studies. We welcome all comments and suggestions for improving the Database and we look forward to the possibility of collaboration with any institutes and libraries of Overseas Chinese Studies.

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When economic reform and open door policy were initiated in 1978, the Chinese government hoped that a synergy could be worked out effectively between China and the Chinese diaspora living in Hong Kong and Macao as well as foreign countries. It wished that the Chinese capital and wealth accumulated outside during the period of isolation of China between 1949 and 1978 would eventually, through different translocal and transnational networks, be channeled into and thus would bring about transformation to the many ancestral villages and homes for the Chinese diaspora.

This paper is based on the case study of Panyu located in Guangdong to which the bulk of the present diaspora trace their ancestral roots. It points out that while economic transformation were taking place profoundly in Panyu from 1978 to 2000, the old pattern of qiaoxiang was on the wane and novel elements began to emerge and change the social panorama. Then, it demonstrates that the Hong Kong residents, whether of Panyu origin or not, exceedingly outperformed the Chinese overseas to donate to public welfare, invest in factories and businesses, and bring in new ideas and skills to Panyu. It argues that the varied degrees of involvement of the Hong Kong compatriots and Chinese overseas, coupled with the improvement of the local living conditions, have led to the creation of new mentality in Panyu: the local people are financially independent of external connections for their daily and family expenditures while the city is seeking capital from sources other than its natives and descendants.

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The University of British Columbia Asian Library, the Center for Chinese Research and the David See-Chai Lam Centre for International Communication, Simon Fraser University are collaborating on the development of a comprehensive electronic inventory of historical Chinese language materials in British Columbia, Canada. We aim to promote the Web page as a central provincial resource to benefit the study Canadian-Chinese settlements in B.C. People of Chinese origin have settled in British Columbia since the beginning of non-aboriginal settlement Many of the historical Chinese materials they left behind are deposited in archives; museums or university collections, yet others are still with pioneer families and community organizations. As this body of materials has not been used until now for the study of the history of British Columbia, it might present a different perspective of the provinces history. Collaboration with researchers, heritage managers, librarians, archivists, families and individuals holding Chinese historical materials on Canadian Chinese in other provinces and countries remains one of the core activities of the project. In this paper, challenges in building and maintaining this electronic information common as one of the special collections and a model for managing archival materials in other Asian languages serviced by the Asian Library, UBC are explored, so are potentials for developing transnational networks.

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口述生活史的研究方法是运用个人?生活?口述三个概念,去挖掘作为社会的一分子的个人的生活世界的方法。而个人的生活世界往往是与特定的价值观,时 代背景, 固有的社会道德和知识,经验等息息相关。其目的是通过个人生活史来窥测社会和历史的交错,重新构建历史事实。这种研究方法多应用于社会学，人类学,历史学 领域。

日本华侨研究主要分为1)以经济学者为主的东南亚华侨经济研究,2)以历史学者为主的华侨史研究,其中心是商业史和贸易史。1),2) 的研究多以文献资料为主。3)社会学领域的研究,其研究范围较广,焦点多对准目前的社会状况并积极地采取实地调查的方法。然而这些研究更多着眼于华侨的社 群和组织,不管是在经济,政治领域,还是在社会领域,很少涉足与华侨个人生活(私生活)。个人的生活史是社会历史的写照,通过华侨个人的生活史,可以使我 们把现代华侨历史,及当代历史性的事实作为与时代共生存的老一辈华侨的生活来重新认识。口述生活史具有跨学科性,特别在文献资料不足的当今,老华侨的记忆 可以成为珍贵的历史资料。

本文将以日本华侨生活史为例,从1)口述生活史研究的现状,2)口述历史资料的应用和局限性3)口述历史资料的今后几个方面来探讨在华侨研究领域中口述历史资料的可能性。

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新加坡與香港雖然同樣曾經是英國殖民地，因歷史發展的差異及及與中國關係的不同（前者標榜是與中國不同的東南亞國家；後者則是「回歸」中國後的特別行政 區），兩地華族（及其地方方言群）在國家、民族及文化的認同上存有明顯的分歧。本研究嘗試從歷史學及社會學角度，比較分析兩地福建社團的教育事業，從而加 深我們對二十世紀亞洲的華族方言群在「華人化」（即非中國人化）及「中國人化」的兩個不同發展模式中所呈現的轉變。

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海外华人移民问题的发展是当今国际移民发展的重要内容和趋势之一，它对中国有很大的历史、现实与将来的影响已是不争的事实。本文主要从海外华人移民 与中国国家安全的双边互动的角度进行了探讨。认为，首先，海外华人移民问题的成因与发展，与中国国内国际的安全处境有着密切的关联，反映了一定历史时期中 国国家安全的状况；其次，不同类型的移民对中国的国家安全有不同的影响：合法的移民尤其是技术移民，既存在着对我国国家安全有利的一面，如加强了对国外先 进技术与管理的学习，也容易导致人口的流失，从长远看对国家的综合国力发展和国家安全构成了潜在的挑战；而非法移民与难民，则破坏了国家的国际形象，扰乱 了地方秩序，对我国的边境安全也构成了直接的冲击，并容易冲击我国与周边国家的关系，导致双边关系的紧张与复杂化；最后，本文认为，为了使海外华人移民与 中国国家安全之间产生良性互动，应依循国内法与人道主义对难民做出妥善安置，强化自身抵御和处理移民危机（尤其是难民危机）的能力；在国际上，努力促进建 立稳定、公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序，与各国合作处理移民问题，并积极打击跨国人口迁移中的犯罪活动。

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本文擬對拉丁美洲華僑華人研究作一概述分為四個部分。中國學者對拉美華僑華人的研究大致始於20世紀60年代。陳翰笙、陳澤憲等將收集的有關華工史料彙編 成冊，其中即有拉丁美洲華工的資料。1980年代以來，羅榮渠、張鎧、徐世澄以及美洲史專家李春輝和楊生茂等學者繼續拉丁美洲華僑華人研究。然而，中國學 者的研究多集中在契約華工，同時未能充分利用國內尚存的史料（如拉丁美洲華僑華人所辦的華文報刊）。臺灣學者的研究多以介紹為主，但“海外華人青少年叢 書”中關於拉丁美洲各國華僑的12本著作是一項系列研究。此外，熊建成對古巴華僑的研究實屬上乘。國外學者的研究以華人學者為多。除早期對美洲華僑華人有 所研究介紹的劉令和陳匡民以及在拉美的僑民學者何名忠、李譚仁外，其研究成果在國際學術界較有影響的華人學者有Ching Chieh Chang、Evelyn Hu-DeHart（胡其瑜）、Walton Look Lai等。本文將分別對這些學者的有關著述作簡要介紹。此外，作者還將分別對墨西哥、秘魯、古巴、特裏尼達、圭亞那等國的有關華僑華人研究情況進行概述。 需要說明的是，本文的主要目的是介紹國際學術界的研究狀況，而不是對現有的研究成果進行批判。

Chinese scholars in the mainland began their research on indentured Chinese labor in Latin America in the 1960s. Chen Hansheng, Chen Zexian, etc. can be regarded as pioneers and Data on the Overseas Chinese Indentured Labor is a result of their study. From the 1980s, Luo Rongqu, Zhang Kai, Li Chunhui, Yang Shengmao, Xu Shicheng started the research on Chinese immigrants in the continent. However, their research mainly concentrated on the indentured labor and failed to use important materials available in China (such as the Chinese newspapers published in Latin American countries by Chinese communities there) and works by foreign scholars. As for the study abroad, the researchers are mainly Chinese. Besides Cheng Kuangmin and Lew Ling who made introduction of the Chinese in Latin America, amateur historians of Chinese overseas in Latin American countries such as Lee Tom Yim and Ho Ming Chung also did some survey on the Chinese community in Jamaica and Peru respectively. The earliest serious research was done by Ching Chieh Chang, although needs to be updated, his PhD dissertation remains a master piece on the subject. Walton Look Lai, Evelyn Hu-DeHart and Trevelyan A. Su-A-Quan have also done serious studies on the subject. This paper will introduce their works and also probe the study in some individual countries. It should be noted that the paper is introductory rather than critical.

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东南亚是中国移民海外历史较久、人数最多的地区。在地理上，新加坡处于东南亚、大洋洲、非洲、欧洲与美洲之间的海上交通要道；在历史上，新加坡曾经是中国向外移民与华商云集的重要港岸。种种原因，促使新加坡的主要档案馆与图书馆重视并藏有丰富的海外华人研究资源。

本文乃根据一项全国性问卷调查及个人之访查所得，概述新加坡主要档案馆与图书馆所藏的海外华人研究资源：其种类、数量、质量与馆藏特色。调 查的对象包括新加坡国家图书馆、档案馆、国立大学图书馆、南洋理工大学图书馆、东南亚研究所图书馆、宗乡总会联合会文史资料中心、华裔馆等。文章亦将讨论 新加坡馆藏资源的采访、整理、保存、共享等方面的现状与展望。

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现代中国人移居欧洲的历史，一般认定肇始于19世纪下半叶。令我十分感兴趣的一个问题是：当西方殖民者在古老中国的大地上耀武扬威之际，当积贫积弱 的清政府对咄咄逼人的西方殖民者拱手称臣之时，是哪些中国人竟然敢为天下先，冲出封建藩篱，西行万里，到欧洲殖民者的“老家”去谋求“发展”？他们是如何 在资本主义的大本营里谋生的呢？

迄今为止中外学者关于欧洲华人社会的研究，主要集中于20世纪的百年史。为了解欧洲华侨的开端史，我通读了清末访欧使臣留下的总计约 600万字的笔记，从中发现了若干关于早期旅欧华侨的史迹，虽然不少只是日记、笔记中只言片语的记载或随感式的评述，但将其仔细串读起来，却展现了一段耐 人寻味的历史。

事实表明：时至19世纪下半叶，在遥距中国万里的欧洲土地上，既出现了一些在资本主义大都市巴黎、伦敦开店贩货的中国商人，也游走着一些 四处表演东方奇巧杂耍中国艺人，更多的则是因种种不同原由走入欧洲但一直在艰难谋生中寻觅机会的东方游子。在西行万里、谋生欧陆的拼搏中，有人坐拥巨资， 得意地向来自祖籍国的使臣们展示自己的成功业绩；有人入乡随俗，“迎娶欧妇”安家立业；但也有人身无分文流落街头，甚至孤苦伶仃病故它乡。

清末使臣访欧笔记中虽然零星却弥足珍贵的记载，为中国人移居欧洲的早期历史，补上了一段空白。

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论文阐述了在研究海外华人方面，北美大陆所拥有的优势和俄亥俄大学所具备的有利条件，此即，北美华人不仅在量上，而且在质的构成上，都代表着海外华人发展 的新趋向；北美也具有全方位研究海外华人的雄厚学术力量；俄亥俄大学历史悠久的东南亚研究和图书馆馆藏则为邵中心的建立奠定了坚实的基础。论文还择要报告 了俄大邵中心成立十年来在推动海外华人文献收集，教学，国际学术合作，和资讯服务等方面所作的系列努力。

The paper elucidates advantages possessed by North America in the study of Overseas Chinese, that is, North America is the region that has had the fastest growth in the Chinese population in recent decades; North Americas Chinese population represents the new direction of Overseas Chinese development in terms of the population quality; and North America possesses an unexcelled academic ability and potential for extensive research on Overseas Chinese around the world. The paper also illuminates how Southeast Asian Studies at Ohio University laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the Dr. Shao You-Bao Overseas Chinese Documentation and Research Center. Finally, the paper gives a report on the endeavors and accomplishments of the Shao Center in the promotion of Overseas Chinese studies during the last decade.

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越南是廣東商民在海外活動最頻繁、聯繫最密切的區域之一。明代至清前期，廣東商民大批下海通夷，在東京、會安、憲、新州等地經商居留，並進一步發展對日 本、東南亞其他地區的貿易，成為亞洲海洋貿易體系的重要力量。明清易代之際，以楊彥迪 、陳上川和莫玖等為代表的政治性移民大規模進入越南，分別居留南圻的美湫、邊和和河仙等地，建立了富有特色的“明鄉”村社和繁華市鎮，為越南經濟開發和社 會進步作出積極的貢獻。廣東商民與其他華人一方面保存乃至強化本民族的文化傳統和文化特色，另一方面也逐漸融入越南社會，接受越南本土的民情風俗，成為越 南眾民的一分子，演變成為越南新的民族—華族。

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以作者本身在菲大（U.P.）圖書館搜集有關華人資料及編輯出版《華菲自古是一家》一書之經驗，指出一般大學圖書館各類藏書中實際上包含極其豐富的有關華人的資料，關鍵在於要擴大華人研究的視野，同時又必須善於和耐心地查閱和搜集。大有遠在天邊，近在眼前之概。

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“归国华侨联合会”（简称“侨联”）是中国政府为了联系归侨、侨眷和海外华侨、华人而设立的一个专门机构，名义上是由归侨、侨眷构成的民间团体，实 际上是政府的一个部门，执行国家的侨务政策。和中国政府其他机构一样，它从中央到地方层层设立基层组织。在泉州侨乡，它的基层组织更是深入到乡镇和行政 村，形成完善的基层侨联工作网络。

侨联组织自成立以来，一直在泉州侨乡发挥着重要作用，它甚至被归侨、侨眷视为他们的“娘家”。然而作为一个政府部门，它受到政治因素、经 济环境的深刻影响。大致来说，侨联的工作可分为三个不同的历史时期即1、1949年至1965年（大陆解放至文革之前），侨联工作重点为安置归侨、侨眷的 工作和生活；2、1966年至1978年（文革开始之改革开放之前），侨联工作停止，组织瘫痪；1979年至今（改革开放以后），广泛联系海外社团，开展 文化交流和联谊活动，并且积极做好投资企业的服务工作。

本文将从三个时期侨联所扮演的不同角色、所发挥的不同作用，来探讨侨联组织和政治、经济、文化等因素的关系，同时还将分析探讨侨联组织与泉州侨乡的关系，侨联与归侨、侨眷的关系，侨联与海外华侨华人关系。

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近年来，印尼华文教育迅速复苏并出现“华文热”。从表层看，是印尼政府解禁、 华人社会推动以及中国政府热情协助的结果。从深层看，原因如下：一是华文教育性质的转变，从传统的华文教育转变为国民教育体系下的外语教学和多元文化政策 下的华族文化教育；二是国际环境的变化，意识形态之争的淡化、多元文化论的流行、经济全球化的迅猛发展以及中印（尼）关系的改善为印尼华文教育的复苏提供 了良好的国际环境；三是印尼国内环境的变化，华人已全面认同印尼——这消除了当局的猜疑，一元化政策严重损害了印尼的稳定和发展，最终导致了印尼的民主化 及多元文化政策的出台；四是华文价值的增强，华人人口的世界性分布及在国际商业上的成功使汉语成为重要的国际语言，进一步增强了华文的经济文化价值。印尼 华文教育将会出现如下趋势：非政治化即淡化华文教育的政治色彩；国际化即要适应国际交融的趋势、引入先进的教育理念和方法；本土化即要符合印尼国情、融入 本土社会；多样化即采取包括高科技在内各种方式丰富华文学习的途径。但由于民族偏见、师资、资金、教材乃至学习意愿等问题，印尼华文教育的发展任重道远。

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书刊、文献目录及索引是打开中国对印度尼西亚华侨华人研究的钥匙。
中国古籍中有关对印度尼西亚华侨的记述。
20世纪上半期中国对印度尼西亚华侨华人的研究。
1949-2002年中国对印度尼西亚华侨华人的研究。
中国对印度尼西亚华侨华人研究的重要学术成果。
对中国的印尼华侨华人研究的基本评价。
目前中国的印尼华侨华人研究面临的若干问题。

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据《汉书?地理志》记载，早在汉武帝时期，马来半岛即是中国和印度进行贸易的中转站，可能在那个时候已经有华人定居。马来西亚，是华人定居最早的国家之一，是华人与当地人的比例较大的国家之一，而且是华人文献资料蕴藏丰富的国家。

在马耒西亚华族历史上，交织着幸运与不幸，混杂著屈辱与荣耀。华族先贤进行了卓越的拓荒，披荆斩棘，清林开路，挖锡种胶，做出重大贡献。

华族历史及文物资料调查内容为：（1）华裔先贤名字命名的街道名称资料、文献与图片；（2）大马各地以华裔先贤名字命名的街道名称资料、文 献与图片；（3）华人史迹，包括历史性建筑物、古墓、墓地、墓碑、抗日、抗英的纪念碑和总坟、开矿遗迹、码头、炮台、碉堡及庙宇、教堂等。

马来西亚海南人史料调查，这项工作由马来西亚海南会馆联合会主持。成立一个专门机构，发函海南联合会的71个属会，共同集纳资料；并配合 各大学的长假，津贴大专生分区进行田野工作，以收集资料；津贴学生写研究海南人的博士论文或硕士论文，论文完成后由海南会馆负责出版发行。调查文献资料包 括了个人著作、回忆录、寺庙专辑等共三十二项，含盖马来西亚的海南人生活、历史的方方面面。

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孫中山先生是中國民主革命的先行者，他所領導的辛亥革命結束了中國兩千多年的封建統治，為中國歷史揭開了民主共和的新的一頁。眾所周知，孫中山先生 及其領導的辛亥革命與日本有著根深蒂固的關係。孫中山先生自一八九四年最初亡命日本起，到一九二四年十一月二十三日訪日時為止，前後十數囘、近十年左右滯 留日本。他把日本作為辛亥革命的根據地，在此集結同志，募集革命資金，購買武器給養。東京、橫濱，作為孫中山及其革命党人主要的活動舞臺為世人所知曉，神 戶則以孫中山先生最後的訪日地以及他与當地華僑的血肉聯係而為世矚目。其實，日本的九州与孫中山先生以及辛亥革命也有著非常深厚的關係，稱之為革命根據地 的大後方，毫不為過。在某種意義上說，是九州日本志士以及華僑的鼎力相助，才保證了孫中山革命的成功;反過來說，沒有這種大後方的援助，其結果是難以預測 的。我們不是近現代史的研究傢，我們雖身在九州，對此，過去也知之甚少。經過近兩年的研究，我們發現，日本的九州与東京、橫濱、神戶一樣，在孫中山的革命 過程中，有著舉足輕重的作用。我們的這篇拙論，介紹的就是孫中山先生与九州的有關聯係。

1. 九州地區有与孫中山先生相關的史跡。
2. 孫中山先生曾三次訪問九州。
3. 九州的日本志士及華僑拚死援助過孫中山先生。

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目前的中国内地藏有大量的有关近现代华侨华人文献，极为珍贵。以近代广东侨汇史料为例，我们可以深入了解这一背景。近年来，通过我们对于1911- 1949年间相关文献的发掘，对于近代广东侨汇的研究，已经大大丰富了人们的认识。特别是对于抗日战争时期材料的发现，使当时日占区和国统区的侨汇流通的 实际情况有了更深入的了解。譬如，从史料中可以发现，与人们通常概念相反，抗日战争时期，在国民政府与日伪政权之间激烈争夺海外侨汇背景下，国统区与沦陷 区之间在战时仍有相当程度上的侨汇的流通，汕头等地邮政局甚至反对国民政府划分国统区与沦陷区侨汇，以便使两区侨汇保持一定程度上的沟通，等等。但是因为 管理体制的问题和许多技术原因，这些内地档案文献大多不易为研究者所利用，造成人为的学术缺憾。另外，近代广东侨汇多以香港、新加坡为中转地，两地公私机 构诸如邮政、银行等机构档案应当存有丰富史料，惜目前华人研究尚未能充分加以利用。

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一、背景
世界上华侨华人大部分居住于城市地区，计算机和网络技术的发展，使华人可能在虚拟空间中建立文化联系。各国华人已经纷纷建立中文网站，但全球华人问题研究学者网络交流与资讯共享机制尚未形成，需要各机构与学人共同努力。

二、目标
建立共享网站。与各国及侨乡主要中文网站建立超级链接，接收华人社团、公司、个人免费登记为会员，与会员间建立双向互动联系。每周或月会员用E- MAIL免费传送“全球华人动态”电子刊物并接受上传资讯。建立华人科技、文化、政界、工商名人和社团组织资料数据库，供会员查阅。定期公布500大华人 财团排名和华人经济景气指数。提供寻根、寻亲友、政策、投资咨询。各国、地区华人问题研究机构、专家建立网际交流，建立学者电子邮件群组，开展合作研究， 共享资源。

三、运作的模式
依托中国国家文科基地和各大学华人问题研究机构力量共同组建。将网站内容划分为若干版块，由各国华人研究中心主持。经费由政府、基金会资助，接受捐赠，或与国内、北美著名华人电脑集团合作。正常运作后，通过提供有偿咨询、出版华人名人、社团、企业名录或广告筹资。

建立全球华人问题研究跨越国界的文化联系，有利于增进华人凝聚力并加强华人族裔的世界地位。华侨华人问题研究与实践、与服务相结合。

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随着华侨华人社会发展，产生和积累下来的厚重的华侨华人文献信息资源，是世界文献信息资源中一个独具特色的组成部分。在几千年的人类文明进步过程中，华侨 华人文献信息积蓄到了可观的数量，其中蕴藏着极大的潜在开发价值。随着国内外网络环境的形成与发展，全球信息化进程的加快，以解决国内文献信息资源共建与 共享为目的的宏观文献资源建设理论研究与实践逐步形成了自己的理论体系，为华侨华人文献信息的开发与共享提供了有利条件。华侨华人文献信息工作面临一个与 时俱进、 开拓创新的新时期。本文对新时期如何有组织有系统有规模地建立一个互为补充、互为利用、互为推动的华侨华人文献信息资源保障体系与共享网络，谈了自己的看 法。

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本文在考察内地高校图书馆海外华人文献馆藏资源和内地华侨华人研究单位网站网页的情况的基础上，对内地多数高校寻找、利用和研究海外华人文献十分不 便的现状进行了思考。并在探求其原因后提出了两条对策：其一， 加强内地高校图书馆收藏海外华人文献意义的宣传，例如利用中华人民共和国教育部和华中科技大学主办的大型学术信息期刊《国际学术动态》进行宣传；其二，加 强内地高校图书馆与海外的华人学术研究机构、华人文献研究中心的联系、交流与合作。 关键词：高校图书馆 海外华人文献 《国际学术动态》

In the paper author firstly investigate the present condition of the literature of overseas Chinese in the University Library and the web site and web page of research unit of overseas Chinese in mainland China. Then the difficult causations that customer use the literature of overseas Chinese are explored in Mainland China. Finally, two counterplots are advanced. First the signification that collecting and keeping the literature of overseas Chinese in the university library in mainland China should be popularized, such as special column may be instituted in International Academic Development journal. And second the cooperation and communication between the university library in mainland and the research unit of overseas Chinese in abroad should be enforced.

Key-words: University library; Literature of Overseas Chinese; International Academic Development journal

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本 文 以 东 南 亚 五 国( 新 加 坡、 马 来 西 亚、 泰 国、 印 尼 及 菲 律 宾) 现 存 的 华 文 日 报 为 例， 来 说 明 华 文 日 报 对 这 个 区 域 华 人 研 究 的 重 要 性。

东 南 亚 现 存 的 华 文 日 报 计 有： 新 加 坡3 份， 马 来 西 亚17 份， 泰 国6 份， 印 尼11 份 及 菲 律 宾4 份， 数 量 多， 读 者 数 达 百 余 万， 华 文 报 章 形 形 色 色， 各 擅 胜 场， 形 成 了 中 港 台 以 外 的 一 支 海 外 华 文 报 业 雄 师。

每 份 华 文 报 日 出 的 报 纸， 多 则 五、 六 十 版， 少 则 十 余 版， 可 谓 卷 帙 浩 繁， 内 容 丰 硕， 其 中 涉 及 海 外 华 人 的 资 料 浩 如 烟 海， 为 了 解 与 研 究 海 外 华 人 提 供 了 最 翔 实 与 最 新 颍 的 素 材。

今 天 的 新 闻， 就 是 明 日 的 历 史。 报 纸 的 内 容 包 罗 万 象。 大 至 世 界 的 政 治 经 济 与 外 交 的 变 化， 小 至 特 殊 地 区 的 个 人 点 点 滴 滴， 多 直 接 或 间 接 与 海 外 华 人 有 关。 其 中 尤 以 地 方 性 的 新 闻 与 评 论、 社 评、 特 写、 专 论 与 副 刊 等 所 刊 载 的 资 料， 更 为 海 外 华 人 研 究 提 供 了 许 许 多 多 素 材。

华 报 与 华 社 可 谓 唇 齿 相 依， 密 不 可 分。 没 有 华 社 的 支 持， 华 报 便 难 以 持 续， 因 此 各 地 的 华 报 对 华 社 及 其 领 导 人 的 种 种 活 动， 诸 如 社 团 之 赈 灾 恤 怜， 促 进 华 人 族 群 之 团 结 与 各 多 元 种 族 之 和 谐， 以 及 领 导 人 的 嘉 言 懿 行， 服 务 族 群 与 社 会， 无 不 大 事 报 导， 极 尽 渲 染。 除 新 加 坡 外，东 南 亚 的 华 族 是 少 数 族 群， 他 们 虽 然 多 数 已 落 地 生 根， 入 籍 居 留 国， 但 仍 备 受 歧 视， 受 到 不 平 的 待 遇， 其 中 尤 以 印 尼 与 菲 律 宾 为 甚。 因 此 华 文 报 便 成 了 吐 露 华 族 的 心 声、 宣 泄 内 心 不 满 与 争 取 权 益 的 工 具。 另 一 方 面， 当 地 华 族 如 何 融 入 主 流 社 会， 与 当 地 土 著 不 分 彼 此， 和 谐 共 处， 经 常 成 了 华 报 争 论 的 课 题， 也 给 学 者 提 供 了 许 多 研 究 的 材 料。

过 去 多 年 来， 东 南 亚 国 家 的 华 文 教 育 备 受 摧 残， 近 年 来 由 于 中 国 的 崛 起 及 东 南 亚 国 家 的 急 遽 变 迁， 华 文 教 育 绝 处 逢 生， 蓬 勃 发 展， 面 对 着 这 振 奋 人 心 的 现 象， 华 文 报 不 禁 欣 喜 若 狂， 详 加 载 述。华 文 教 育 如 何 迎 来 第 二 春，海 外 华 人 如 何 为 传 承 与 发 扬 中 华 文 化 而 奋 战， 华 文 报 提 供 了 不 绝 如 缕 的 讯 息。

华 文 报 除 了 宣 泄 本 土 意 识 外， 也 反 映 了 中 国 的 情 意 结。 多 数 的 华 文 报 都 在 不 同 的 程 度 上， 表 现 了 对 祖 籍 地 的 眷 恋。 华 文 报 人 目 睹 中 国 的 日 益 壮 大， 经 济 日 渐 繁 荣， 人 民 生 活 日 趋 好 转， 都 不 禁 发 出 由 衷 的 赞 叹。 他 们 促 统 一， 反 台 独， 反 法 轮 功。 反 美 霸 权 主 义， 希 望 中 国 能 一 洗 百 年 来 的 耻 辱，维 护 国 家 与 民 族 的 尊 严。

总 之， 华 文 报 章 是 华 人 研 究 的 资 料 库， 上 面 所 说 的 只 不 过 是 荦 荦 大 者。 学 者 如 耐 心 去 检 阅， 必 然 会 大 有 收 获。

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新中国成立以后，中国大陆有关海外华人的研究大致可以分为两个时期，即1949年至1978年和1978年至今。不同时期研究的取向和重点不同，研究的成 果差别也很大。笔者拟对以往研究进行回顾，在肯定以往研究成果的同时，也指出其研究的不足之处，并试图提出今后应该努力的方向。本文将着重探讨以下几个问 题：（一）海外华人研究的分期和特点，（二）海外华人研究的机构，（三）海外华人文献资料和田野资料的发掘、整理和利用，（四）海外华人研究的成果及代表 性著作，（五）海外华人研究的趋势。

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新加坡历史上的殖民地时代，起迄时间从1819年开埠至1965年独立建国。在这一历史时期，�